Why Balanced Scorecard is not a Measurement Tool

If you haven't yet heard of the Balancedperspectives. Functionality. Brand Image.
Scorecard, it's a world-renowned model developedRelationship.
by Robert Kaplan and David Norton in the midBut these terms mean such different things to
1990's to encourage corporations to realise thatdifferent organisations and people, so to measure
relying on just the financial metrics is relying onthem meaningfully takes more thought than
too little, too late. They wrote the landmark book,brainstorming or copying from a book. It takes a
"The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategythinking process that extends from an intimate
Into Action" to demonstrate how to measureunderstanding of the result that needs measuring,
corporate performance in a more balanced way,and this often requires climbing out of mental ruts
that aligns everyone in the corporation to itslike "this isn't measurable" and "we don't have the
strategic direction.data".
But does it?The Balanced Scorecard doesn't show the
The Balanced Scorecard has well-knownprocess of measure implementation.
implementation problems.Populating a balanced scorecard with measures
There has been much criticism of the Balancedassumes that the populating process is obvious
Scorecard by organisations that have attemptedand straightforward. Select some measures, then
to implement it. They hoped to quickly manifest agive the IT department the brief to report them.
meaningful suite of performance measures that"Add customer retention to the scorecard,
has everyone focusing on what matters most inthanks!" is just too brief.
fulfilling the mission, vision and goals. But didn't.You can't ignore the many details that can (and
Implementers of the Balanced Scorecard finddo) make the difference between measuring
they end up with too many measures in thewhat's easiest versus measuring what was meant
tangible parts of their scorecard, not enoughto be measured. There are many subtleties to
measures in less tangible parts of their scorecard,measuring something like customer retention,
and altogether not measuring meaningful results.which need to be drawn out into a full definition,
Why does this happen?from which the measure can successfully be
The Balanced Scorecard doesn't put enoughbrought to life.
emphasis on results versus strategies.So is the Balanced Scorecard all bad?
The primary building blocks of the BalancedNo, the Balanced Scorecard is not all bad - it will
Scorecard are 1) it's four perspectives of financial,go down in history as the serious beginning of
customer, internal business process, and learningnon-financial performance measurement in the
and growth; 2) the strategies that populate andcorporate world. And its heart is really the
link through each perspective; and 3) theroadmap for linking what happens from day to
measures that link to each strategy.day in a corporation to its strategic, longer term
Most people express their strategies as vague,direction, through deliberate conversation about
jargon rich actions, and struggle to tease out thestrategy design. But it's not about performance
specific and tangible results implied by thesemeasure design and implementation.
strategies. So they measure what is easy toIt's just not specific enough to stand alone as a
measure: progress against planned activity, theperformance measurement tool.
reaching of milestones and whatever else theyTo select truly meaningful measures for your
have data for. The measures focus on activitiesscorecard - beyond the traditional profit, customer
like "develop target markets" and "upgrade staffsatisfaction and employee turnover - you need to
competencies", not outcomes.learn a way of thinking about measurement that
The Balanced Scorecard doesn't offer the stepsKaplan and Norton didn't address. To make your
to measure design.scorecard a success, couple the strategic design
Bordering on prescriptive, the Balanced Scorecardand translation power of the Balanced Scorecard,
literature offers ideas for measures to use, forwith a deliberate performance measurement
specific strategies typical of each of the fourprocess like PuMP.