What is High-Frequency Trading?

Moving with a shake of the collective head to oursmall increments. That's the kind of activity
topic this week, what is this thing called "highcurrently dominating volumes (and why volumes
frequency trading," IROs and execs?are on the whole down, too).
Well, it would be a good name for a rock band,What does this mean for investor relations?
but high frequency trading is an indication of theWe've always had a rather arcane profession
behavior of money and a measure of marketpopulated with terms like guidance, and Reg FD
risk. It is responsible for 20-30% or more ofand earnings call. Our ability to grasp concepts
volume currently. Practically speaking, it's continual,that often make other peoples' eyes glaze over is
tick-by-tick, high-turnover buying and selling witha defining mark of the investor-relations
real-time data to control risk while generatingprofessional. Well, guess what? It's happening
returns from minute change. It's coming from allagain.
sorts of capital sources, but don't blame hedgeAll this high-frequency trading means that much of
funds alone. All investment advisors must putthe money moving your price and volume sees
money to work...and if they can't invest it, they'rehigh equity risk and studies equity-markets
going to deploy it in other ways. This is the bestbehavior, not business fundamentals. This has
way right now. (NOTE: Speaking of which, look forbeen going on for some time but it's getting
money to leave equities in pursuit of theworse and worse, and it's not going to get better
Treasury Department's ridiculous lending facility foranytime soon. Therefore, IR folks, it's time to add
high-risk credit assets as options expire nextthis knowledge to your repertoire. After all,
week. This will not be good for equity prices.)somebody's gotta know what's going on out
Both Nasdaq OMX and NYSE Euronext announcedthere - since the SEC apparently doesn't - and it
recent fee changes designed to draw "highmight as well be us.
frequency traders." If they're trying to attract it,Look, we're purposely aiming to make you
it's because there's a lot of it going on, except it'schuckle here. But I hope you'll remember this: well
happening elsewhere. Here's the telling feature:more than 80% of American companies (and
both these exchanges made changes to the costroughly an equal number of European firms) hold
of CONSUMING liquidity, or buying, while keepingearnings calls. Yet fundamental investment is
"rebates," or incentives to provide liquidityaccounting for about 15% of volume at best.
(another way to say 'offering shares for sale,Hadn't we better understand the rest? We think
which attracts buyers') high.knowing market structure is as crucial to IR now
This means there are changes at work in theas earnings calls.
broad markets. Where "rebate" trading, orAnd it shouldn't cost you much more than your
furnishing liquidity, is necessary to helpingearnings calls, either. If it is, you're paying too
conventional institutional investors like pensionmuch. IR departments don't need expensive,
funds efficiently buy and sell large quantities ofoutdated tools that don't work in modern
shares, high frequency trading depends on nearlymarkets.
equal and offsetting buying and selling in very