Achieving the MDGs in India: Elimination of inequalities and harnessing new opportunities for implementation of policies and programmes

New Delhi, 09 September 2010: Two-thirds of thenarrow window of opportunity to generate
way to the 2015 finishing line for achieving therenewed momentum. For us programme
eight globally agreed Millennium Development Goalsimplementation is the major challenge – and to
(MDGs), India is at a crucial turning point with amake every tier of the administration accountable
few successes and some failures. Persistentto the people. The 2009 India Country MDG
inequalities, ineffective delivery of public services,Report offers a unique insight into which states
weak accountability systems and gaps in thehave the greatest challenges and our deliberations
implementation of pro-poor policies are the majorover the past two days have brought to the fore
bottlenecks to progress said experts meeting inthe importance of integration of MDGs in all levels
Delhi to suggest solutions to accelerate progressof planning, policy formulation and implementation
on the MDGs. Greater devolution of power toof programmes with participation of citizens
local governments in rural areas, streamlining ofincluding the poorest and the marginalized as
funds flow, and use of information technology toimportant stakeholders, through political
reach the unreached and stop leakages wererepresentation and local governance institutions."
among the key recommendations.Speaking at the opening session Patrice
India has been successful in getting children intoCoeur-Bizot, UNDP Resident Representative and
primary school, in providing access to water andUN Resident Coordinator, said: "For those living in
in conserving environmental resources. It ispoverty, the MDGs have never been abstract or
possible that poverty will be halved by 2015 butaspirational targets. They offer a pathway to a
by no means certain. Major states in India'sbetter life. Evidence from 50 countries studied in a
heartland like Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,recent UNDP report -- What can we do to
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Uttarachieve the MDG -- shows that it is possible to
Pradesh and Uttaranchal, also the most populousachieve these goals as successes in even the
states, are unlikely to achieve this target if itpoorest countries have demonstrated."
remains business as usual. The proportion of poorIndia's rights-based laws and flagship development
in these states is currently at 64 percent of theprogrammes are significant steps in improving the
country's poor and this is likely to increase to 71lives of millions -- a life with access to adequate
percent by 2015. The number of poor in 2015 isfood and income; to basic education and health
likely to be 279 million at all-India level.services; to clean water and sanitation; and to
On hunger there are disappointing failures. Indiaempowerment for women. India's march towards
accounts for 50 percent of the world's hungry.the MDGs is however, hampered by persistent
Over 46 percent of Indian children areinequalities, particularly gender inequality. This has
undernourished. Health too is a major challenge --resulted in inadequate access to basic services for
the very survival of India's women and children isthe vulnerable groups such as scheduled castes,
threatened. In 2006, on average 254 women diedscheduled tribes and minorities, and particularly the
giving birth to a child for every 100,000 live birthswomen among these groups.
down from 327 in 1990. The states of Assam,In this context Mr. Coeur-Bizot added, "The
Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh,government recognizes these challenges. Its
Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchalcommitment is evident from the various
had the highest numbers ranging from 480 to 312.rights-based laws in place -- to guarantee work,
Kerala at 95, Tamil Nadu at 111 and West Bengalthrough the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
at 141 have the best figures.Employment Guarantee Act, the right to
According to the 2010 global MDG report "givinginformation, the right to education and the right to
birth is especially risky in Southern Asia andfood that is currently on the anvil. For instance
sub-Saharan Africa, where most women deliverIndia's Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment
without skilled care".  For India the percentage ofGuarantee Programme is cited in the UNDP report
deliveries with skilled care went up from 33as an example of a robust social protection and
percent in 1990 to 52 percent by 2007-08 stillemployment programme that has benefitted 46
short of the developing world average of 63million households."
percent.At the roundtable ineffective delivery of public
Over 1.5 million children continue to die every yearservices, weak accountability systems and
before their first birthday.  Across India 74ineffective implementation of pro-poor policies
children died before they reached the age of fivewere identified by experts as bottlenecks to
for every 1,000 live births in 2005-06 asachieving the MDGs. Ineffective delivery was
compared to 125 in 1990. At this rate India ishampered by complex procedures, poor utilization
likely to miss the target of reducing these figuresof central funds by states, low social sector
to 42 for 1,000 live births by 2015. On thisallocations, ineffective systems for monitoring,
indicator, Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa,personnel and capacity challenges, rigid
Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh are the laggardsadministrative structures and slow progress on
while Goa, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir,decentralization.
Kerala, Sikkim and Tamil Nadu are on the fastParticipants at the MDG meeting identified
track and likely to be early achievers.solutions to fast track progress in sectors that
With just five years to the 2015 deadline forIndia is lagging. Recommendations included:
achieving the MDGs the country as a whole willstreamlining the flow of funds, improving the
not be on track for a majority of the targetsquality of data in monitoring reports of
related to poverty, hunger, health, gender equalitygovernment programmes and using information
and environmental sustainability unless concertedtechnology to improve access and to stop
national efforts are made by government and allleakages. For effective implementation
sections of civil-society working in tandem.programme design also needs to be creative and
These are some of the findings of the thirdinnovative to reach the poorest and most
Millennium Development Goals -- India Countrymarginalized sections as the "one size fits all"
Report 2009 that were presented to expertsapproach does not work. To improve the
participating in two-day roundtable on Achievingimplementation of social sector programmes the
the MDGs by 2015: Policy Action for Humanrecommendation of the mid-tern review of the
Freedoms. For the first time state specific data in11th Plan for "…greater devolution of power to
the MDG report pinpoints regions that are thePRIs (local governments in rural areas) and ULBs
laggards and those that are on the fast track.(Urban Local Bodies) together with effective
This provides important insights for policy plannersparticipation by local communities to achieve
to target their interventions.better oversight and accountability…" found
Prof. T.C.A. Anant, Secretary, Ministry of Statisticsresonance among the participants.
and Programme Implementation, reiterating theFor further information please contact:
government's commitment to acceleratingS.Chakrabarti, Deputy Director General, Ministry of
progress on the MDGs said, "The stakes are high.Statistics and Programme Implementation, or Ritu
With five years to the 2015 deadline we have aMathur at ritu. or Priyanka Khanna at priyanka.